PAGE 17.           THESE LAST THREE APPROACHES [E through G] ARE VARIOUS                  VERSIONS OF AN OAK TREE ARBOR. These Approaches work well with subject matter that is complicated, profuse or that  needs more definition. The Value Plans are executed with vine charcoal and are especially good for loosening us up and for letting the value areas flow freely throughout the picture format. We need to concentrate first on the large groupings of leaves and on larger branches or tree trunks to form the major value areas. The details__ individual leaves or twigs__ can be put in place within these larger value areas when we actually start painting.
	VALUE PLAN APPROACH E:  PLACING LIGHT AREAS FIRST. 1. With the tip of the charcoal stick, loosely draw in the Light shapes. Visually link them together in oblique/ diagonal patterns. Try to include one large area of light, another medium sized area of light, and one or several smaller areas of light__ "BIG BEAR", "MAMA BEAR" AND "BABY BEAR(S)". 2. When satisfied with the Lights pattern, fill in all the rest of the rectangle with a Midtone/medium gray, SCRIBBLING the charcoal over the paper (except for the light areas), then using fingers, tissues, a paper stump or crumpled paper to smear the midtones all together, form a medium-toned texture. Or, break the charcoal into small pieces and rub the Midtones on using the side of the stick. 3. Now add Darks, placing several near the Lights at the center of interest, to support or reinforce it. 4. When satisfied, spray 3 times lightly with fixatif (best is cheap hairspray__ the pricy kind does not work well). This Approach evokes feelings of FLOATING, GLIDING, WEIGHTLESSNESS.                                                                              ***